| Is Your Voice Traffic Secret? Is it Safe?
Securing Your IP Voice Network from Hackers, Part Two Part One of this article on VoIP security highlighted some of the ways this technology was vulnerable to fraudulent uses. With analysts predicting that IP PBXs will make up the bulk of business telephony sales in 2009, it is imperative that IT professionals take the necessary steps to secure a company’s phone system from without and within. This segment, Part Two, covers some of the technical aspects of these vulnerabilities and how they can be managed to better protect a network from intrusion and misuse. To Serve and Protect
The good news is that the steps taken to secure other network applications also improve VoIP security. Keeping company servers and clients up to date with all the current patches and requiring authentication for all levels of users are crucial deterrents to break-ins. In addition to maintaining anti-malware and ant-tampering applications, companies also need to audit user sessions and frequently monitor all activities related to network services. SIP firewalls and dedicated voice configuration will lay the groundwork for a good defense. Where there’s Smoke, there’s a Firewall
Firewalls limit the kinds of traffic that can cross a network based on rules and policies established by their administrators. A SIP-aware firewall between the Internet and a company’s LAN dramatically reduces denial of service attacks. Traditional network firewalls permit and deny traffic based on TCP, User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and IP header information: IP addresses, protocol types and port numbers, for example. VoIP protocols require a lot of UDP ports, allocating them dynamically to media streams. Traditional firewalls can’t accommodate this behavior without leaving large numbers of ports permanently open for VoIP use and other misuses. Some firewalls don’t process UDP efficiently. They don’t support QoS measures that manage latency and jitter and so cause problems and drops. SIP-aware firewalls can detect and defend against rogue SIP signaling messages, and maintain pure real time protocol media streams without adding significant latency. Smoke Out Intruders
Segmentation of data by function ensures security as well. A dedicated VoIP server can screen out any unauthenticated users and allow only packets compatible with voice traffic. This segmentation, also known as broadcast domain, requires that specific network nodes reach each other by broadcast at the same data layer. Improved security can also deliver enhanced QoS. SIP phones perform better when segmented to their own VLAN. (A VLAN functions identically to a physical LAN but allows for network reconfiguration through software instead of changing the actual physical location of devices on a network.) Firewalls can then restrict traffic crossing VLAN boundaries to only necessary protocols. This compartmentalization very effectively reduces the spread of malware from infected clients to VoIP servers, especially in Windows networks. Firewalls for compartmentalized servers can function with far simpler security policies than those protecting an entire system. Endpoint security adds an outer layer of protection in VoIP deployments. Network admission techniques like IEEE 802.1X port-based network access control provide an additional layer of authorization control, blocking devices from using a LAN or WLAN until they pass security checks. Power to the Proxy
Application-layer gateways (or proxies) play a useful role in VoIP deployment. Integrating SSL tunnels into SIP proxies improves authentication and adds confidentiality and integrity protection to signaling between callers and their SIP proxies. (A proxy appliance stands between clients on a LAN and the Internet and applies numerous policy-based controls to Web traffic and requests before delivering content to end users. Situated behind or in parallel with the network firewall the proxy intercepts HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, IM, SOCKS and other Web protocol traffic.) SSL connections can be chained to protect signaling traffic between SIP proxies across an organization or between organizations. Businesses that relay media streams among global and local IP addresses and ports can use proxies for voice packets (real-time transport protocol, RTP). Some configurations process VoIP traffic preferentially, creating IPSec security associations that prioritize voice traffic over data. IPsec (IP security) is a suite of protocols for securing IP communications via mutual authentication and data encryption. Others will filter signaling traffic and RTP media streams through a Session Border Controller (SBC). Similar to email proxy, SBCs rewrite message headers to hide private network addresses, strip unknown and undesirable SIP header fields, and restrict called-party numbers. They’re also subject to RTP policy enforcement. Epygi Designs with Security in Mind
There is no substitute for strategic planning and vigilant supervision by the network administrator (whether on staff or outsourced). That said, Epygi products make the job somewhat easier. Epygi IP PBXs and gateways include multiple encrypted VPNs including IPSec tunnels. They also incorporate sophisticated firewalls: intrusion detection system, NAT (Network Address Translation), policy and service-based filtering, stateful inspection and Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE, Ethernet “circuit”) connection with authentication (PAP, MS-CHAP). The newest member of the Quadro family, the QuadroM32x, includes support for Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP), a profile of RTP intended to provide encryption, message authentication and integrity, and replay protection (another hacker tactic) to the data. Epygi customers can feel even safer from all those troublesome hackers and phreakers. Much of the configuration necessary to add Epygi products to the network is plug-and-play. The network administrator can accomplish remote testing and VoIP diagnostics through a Web browser. Take a Byte Out of Crime
As with traditional data, voice is an attractive target for vandals and criminals. You can make their jobs a lot harder with vigilance and attention to the right details. |